Javan rhinoceros wallows in the mud during the most part of a day to prevent overheating, eliminate parasites from the skin and avoid insect bites. Its diet is based on the leaves, young shoots, twigs and fruit. Javan rhinoceros has poor eyesight, but excellent sense of hearing and smell. Javan rhinoceros uses its horn to facilitate movement through dense vegetation, for excavation of muddy holes and pulling down of plants that are used for food. In the case of damage or loss, horn can be regenerated. Javan rhinoceros has one, grey or brown-colored horn that is usually less than 9.8 inches long.
Javan rhinoceros also has 6 broad molars on the each side of the jaw. Males have dagger-like, sharp incisors that are used for fight with other males during the mating season. Javan rhinoceros has long, pointed upper lip, massive body and short tail. Javan rhinoceros has grey or brown-grey hairless skin with pinkish skin on the folds, which are thick and create appearance of armored plates. Javan rhinoceros can reach 10 to 10.5 feet in length and 2.000 to 5.100 pounds of weight. Due to small population size, inbreeding (mating of close relatives) is very frequent, which additionally prevents increase in the number of this critically endangered rhino. Accelerated habitat loss as a result of agricultural development and poaching because of the horn (which is used in traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of pain and fever) are the greatest threats for the survival of Javan rhinoceros in the wild. Javan rhinoceros inhabits dense tropical rainforests, grasslands and large floodplains. It was numerous and widespread in the Southeast Asia in the past, while today, entire population consists of around 60 animals that can be found only in the Ujung Kulon National Park in the West Java. Javan rhinoceros, also known as lesser one-horned rhinoceros, is one of the rarest mammals on the planet.